METABOLIC SYNDROME. ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Metabolic Disorders

Background:

• Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.
• Insulin resistance and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction are key contributors to metabolic syndrome development.
• Genetic and lifestyle factors significantly influence the etiology and pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the impact of individual metabolic syndrome components on the human body.
• To elucidate the etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying metabolic syndrome.
• To highlight the health risks associated with metabolic syndrome, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

• Analytical review of scientific and medical literature.
• Examination of etiological and pathogenetic aspects of metabolic syndrome.
• Assessment of the interplay between insulin resistance, hormonal factors, and lifestyle in metabolic syndrome.

Main Results:

• Insulin resistance, often stemming from lifestyle or genetics, is central to metabolic syndrome pathogenesis.
• Increased cortisol levels due to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis disorders promote abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
• Excess abdominal fat exacerbates insulin resistance, leading to weight gain and increased risk of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

• Metabolic syndrome arises from a complex interplay of environmental, hormonal, and genetic factors.
• Abdominal obesity, driven by insulin resistance and hormonal imbalances, significantly elevates the risk of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
• Understanding the multifaceted pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome is essential for effective prevention and management strategies.