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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

743
The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
743
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
585

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
11:07

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

Published on: November 24, 2021

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Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging.

Benjamin A Kuzma1, Isaac J Pence1, Alexander Ho1

  • 1Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|December 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method using coherent Raman scattering imaging for noninvasive analysis of topical drug delivery in human skin. This technique allows for precise quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredients at the cellular level, advancing topical bioavailability and bioequivalence assessments.

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Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Advanced Imaging Techniques
  • Pharmacokinetics

Background:

  • Cutaneous pharmacokinetics (cPK) is crucial for topical drug development, but current semi-invasive methods lack cellular-level mechanistic insight.
  • Understanding active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) penetration and permeation at the cellular level remains a challenge.
  • Coherent Raman scattering imaging (CRI) offers a noninvasive approach to microscale cPK by targeting intrinsic molecular vibrations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a methodology for preparing and imaging ex vivo human skin for quantitative pharmacokinetic CRI studies.
  • To evaluate topical bioavailability (BA) and bioequivalence (BE) using CRI.
  • To enable reliable and reproducible API quantification within skin stratifications over time.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized coherent Raman scattering imaging (CRI), specifically stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), for sensitive and selective API quantification.
  • Developed a methodology for preparing and imaging ex vivo human and mouse skin.
  • Quantified API concentrations in lipid-rich and lipid-poor skin compartments over time.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated reliable and reproducible API quantification in ex vivo human and mouse skin using CRI.
  • Enabled the estimation of micro- and macroscale topical bioavailability (BA).
  • Provided a foundation for potential bioequivalence (BE) assessments.

Conclusions:

  • The presented CRI methodology offers a noninvasive, cellular-level approach to assess topical pharmacokinetics.
  • This technique advances the understanding of API penetration and permeation in skin.
  • The methodology supports regulatory and drug development scientists in evaluating topical BA and BE.