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Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

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Published on: September 8, 2023

MAC protocol with grouping awareness GMAC for large scale Internet-of-Things network.

Abdulrahman Sameer Sadeq¹, Rosilah Hassan¹, Azana Hafizah Mohd Aman¹

¹Center for Cyber Security, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

Peerj. Computer Science

|December 13, 2021

Summary

Grouping MAC (GMAC) protocol enhances Internet of Things networks by using geographic and priority awareness to reduce collisions and extend network life. This leads to higher packet delivery and lower energy use compared to standard protocols.

Keywords:

Grouping IEEE 802.15.4 ISA 100.11a Internet of Things MAC Protocol Scheduling Wireless Sensor Networks

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Last Updated: Oct 10, 2025

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Area of Science:

Computer Science
Networking
Wireless Communication

Background:

Internet of Things (IoT) networks require Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols balancing energy efficiency, scalability, and grouping awareness.
Existing protocols often address these aspects individually, limiting overall network performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce Grouping MAC (GMAC), a novel protocol designed for IoT environments.
GMAC leverages geographic node distribution and priority levels for optimized medium access.

Main Methods:

GMAC operates on a five-cycle structure for sensor-to-cluster head and cluster head-to-sink data transmission.
It incorporates slot decomposition and assignment based on node priority, enabling grouping awareness.
The protocol utilizes prior knowledge of node distribution and priorities.

Main Results:

GMAC achieved a Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) exceeding 90%, significantly outperforming benchmarks like IEEE 802.15.4 (as low as 30% PDR).
End-to-end (e2e) delay was reduced by 3 seconds compared to the best IEEE performance.
Energy consumption was drastically lowered, with GMAC using 28.1 W/h versus IEEE 802.15.4's 578 W/h in specific scenarios.

Conclusions:

GMAC offers substantial improvements in PDR, e2e delay, and energy efficiency for IoT networks.
Its grouping-aware approach, utilizing geographic and priority information, enhances network lifetime and performance.
GMAC presents a viable solution for demanding IoT communication requirements.