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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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ECM-integrin signalling instructs cellular position sensing to pattern the early mouse embryo.

Esther Jeong Yoon Kim1,2, Lydia Sorokin3, Takashi Hiiragi1,4

  • 1European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg 69117, Germany.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|December 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Extracellular matrix (ECM) and integrin signaling enable early mammalian embryo cells to sense their position, guiding cell fate and tissue patterning. This discovery reveals a key mechanism for embryonic development.

Keywords:
Cell fate specificationEarly mammalian developmentExtracellular matrixPatterning

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Embryonic development involves cells differentiating into specialized types.
  • Mammalian inner cell mass (ICM) cells form the embryo but their positional sensing is unclear.
  • Understanding ICM cell fate determination is crucial for developmental biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms of positional sensing in early mammalian embryonic cells.
  • To determine how cells recognize their 'inside' position to specify ICM fate.
  • To elucidate the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell adhesion in embryonic patterning.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of embryonic cells and provision of extracellular matrix (ECM).
  • Analysis of inner cell mass (ICM) specification and cell fate.
  • Assessment of integrin β1 activity and cell polarity.
  • Investigation of epiblast (EPI) and primitive endoderm (PrE) cell arrangement.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular matrix (ECM) provision induced ICM specification in isolated embryonic cells.
  • Integrin β1 activity was essential for ECM-induced ICM specification and altered EPI/PrE cell arrangement.
  • ECM-integrin signaling promoted apical-to-basal cell polarity conversion.
  • This signaling pathway was sufficient for 'inside' positional information and necessary for correct EPI/PrE patterning.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular matrix (ECM)-integrin adhesion is critical for embryonic cells to sense their position.
  • This mechanism plays a vital role in instructing cell fate and achieving proper tissue patterning in mammalian embryos.
  • Findings reveal a novel pathway linking cell adhesion to developmental patterning.