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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Transposons01:24

Transposons

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Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity

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Locus-specific chromatin profiling of evolutionarily young transposable elements.

Darren Taylor1, Robert Lowe1, Claude Philippe2

  • 1Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London E1 2AT, UK.

Nucleic Acids Research
|December 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method to map protein-DNA binding at repetitive DNA sequences. This technique reveals new insights into the epigenetic regulation of young transposable elements (TEs) and their genome-wide impact.

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RNA Next-Generation Sequencing and a Bioinformatics Pipeline to Identify Expressed LINE-1s at the Locus-Specific Level
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RNA Next-Generation Sequencing and a Bioinformatics Pipeline to Identify Expressed LINE-1s at the Locus-Specific Level

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Epigenomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Epigenomic data is expanding, but understanding chromatin at interspersed repeats is limited due to short-read mapping challenges.
  • Locus-specific regulation of young transposable elements (TEs) is poorly understood, despite their roles in genome stability, gene regulation, and innate immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an approach for generating locus-specific protein-DNA binding profiles at interspersed repeats.
  • To investigate the epigenetic profiles of young TE loci in mouse and human cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized HiChIP technology combined with a novel mapping tool, PAtChER.
  • Leveraged spatial proximity information between repetitive and non-repetitive genomic regions for accurate mapping.
  • Generated locus-specific protein enrichment profiles at individual repetitive loci.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that HiChIP and PAtChER accurately profile protein enrichment at repetitive loci.
  • Revealed previously unappreciated variation in epigenetic profiles of young TE loci in mouse and human cells.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method enables accurate, locus-specific profiling of protein-DNA interactions at interspersed repeats.
  • Provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of TE regulation and their broader genomic consequences.