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Related Concept Videos

Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Tomato Analyzer: A Useful Software Application to Collect Accurate and Detailed Morphological and Colorimetric Data from Two-dimensional Objects
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A high-continuity and annotated tomato reference genome.

Xiao Su1, Baoan Wang1, Xiaolin Geng1

  • 1State Key Laborary of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

BMC Genomics
|December 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created an improved tomato genome assembly, revealing genes linked to domestication and agronomic traits. This work advances understanding of tomato genetics and evolution.

Keywords:
QTL analysiscomparative genomicsde novo tomato genomehigh-density genetic map

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genomics
  • Horticultural crop research
  • Fruit development studies

Background:

  • High-quality genome assemblies are crucial for genetic and functional genomics.
  • Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) serves as a key model organism for studying fruit development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assemble an updated reference genome for Solanum lycopersicum cv. Heinz 1706.
  • To identify genomic regions associated with tomato domestication and agronomic traits.
  • To develop a high-density genetic map for future genetic studies.

Main Methods:

  • Genome sequencing and assembly of Solanum lycopersicum cv. Heinz 1706.
  • Comparative genomics between S. lycopersicum and S. pimpinellifolium LA2093.
  • Development of a high-density genetic map using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population.

Main Results:

  • An updated tomato reference genome of 799.09 Mb was assembled, featuring 34,384 protein-coding genes and 65.66% repetitive sequences.
  • Comparative analysis revealed genomic fragments potentially linked to human selection during tomato domestication.
  • A high-resolution, high-accuracy genetic map was constructed, enabling the identification of candidate genes for important agronomic traits.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides valuable resources for understanding tomato genome evolution.
  • The findings facilitate research into the genetic mechanisms underlying tomato biology and trait development.