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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure in Closed-chest Coronary Occlusion/Reperfusion Model in Göttingen Minipigs and Landrace Pigs
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Heart Failure and Ischemic Stroke: A Bidirectional and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study.

Luyang Zhang1,2, Weishi Liu1,2,3, Wenxian Sun1,2

  • 1Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.

Frontiers in Genetics
|December 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study found that heart failure (HF) causally increases the risk of ischemic stroke (IS), particularly large artery atherosclerosis stroke. Ischemic stroke also causally increases the risk of heart failure.

Keywords:
heart failureischemic strokemendelian randomizationsingle nucleotide polymorphismstroke

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Neurology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) is a known risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS).
  • Previous research suggests an association between HF and IS.
  • The causal relationship requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal link between heart failure and ischemic stroke.
  • To utilize bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess causality.
  • To explore specific subtypes of ischemic stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Selected genetic variants associated with HF and IS from large genome-wide association studies.
  • Performed bidirectional and multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses.
  • Evaluated the effect of HF on IS and vice versa.

Main Results:

  • Heart failure causally increases the risk of all-cause IS (OR=1.555) and large artery atherosclerosis stroke (LAS) (OR=1.678).
  • A suggestive causal effect of HF on cardioembolic stroke (CES) was observed (OR=3.355).
  • Ischemic stroke (all causes, OR=1.211) and CES (OR=1.277) causally increase the risk of HF.

Conclusions:

  • This MR study provides evidence for causal links between genetically predicted HF and IS.
  • HF has a causal or suggestive relationship with LAS and CES.
  • Further research is needed to explore these links across diverse ancestries and HF etiologies.