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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:

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Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes

Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes

Published on: March 15, 2018

Asthma Phenotype with Metabolic Dysfunction.

Jung-Won Park¹

¹Institute for Allergy & Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. parkjw@yuhs.ac.

Yonsei Medical Journal

|December 16, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Asthma patients with metabolic dysfunction present unique challenges. This review explores how obesity, insulin resistance, and vitamin D deficiency impact asthma control and airway remodeling, highlighting unmet needs.

Keywords:

Asthma insulin resistance metabolic dysfunction obesity vitamin D deficiency

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Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes

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Published on: December 17, 2017

Area of Science:

Pulmonology and Metabolic Health

Background:

Asthma is typically characterized by T helper 2 (Th2) inflammation.
Patients with asthma and metabolic dysfunction exhibit distinct pathological differences.
Metabolic syndrome components like obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and vitamin D deficiency are linked to asthma severity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent studies on asthma phenotypes associated with metabolic dysfunction.
To identify specific mechanisms by which metabolic components affect asthma control and airway remodeling.
To highlight unmet needs in managing asthma in patients with metabolic dysfunction.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent clinical and in vivo studies.
Analysis of epidemiological data linking metabolic syndrome components to asthma.
Synthesis of current understanding of pathomechanisms.

Main Results:

Metabolic dysfunction components interact, complicating individual role elucidation.
Obesity is associated with poor asthma control and reduced corticosteroid response.
Vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance exacerbate asthma control issues and airway remodeling.

Conclusions:

A distinct asthma phenotype with metabolic dysfunction exists.
Specific mechanisms linking metabolic dysfunction to worsened asthma outcomes are increasingly understood.
Further research is needed to address the unmet needs of this patient population.