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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Vaccinations01:51

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An Update on Tuberculosis Vaccines.

Radha Gopalaswamy1, Selvakumar Subbian2

  • 1Department of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|December 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New tuberculosis (TB) vaccines are being developed to overcome the limitations of the current BCG vaccine, aiming for better prevention and treatment strategies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). These novel candidates, including recombinant BCG, target various outcomes like infection prevention and disease treatment.

Keywords:
AdjuvantClinical trialM. vaccaeMTBVACSubunit vaccineTuberculosisVPM1002VaccinesViral vectors

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a major global health threat, with the current BCG vaccine having limitations in efficacy for adults and immunocompromised individuals.
  • Host immune response and bacillary factors influence TB infection outcomes, ranging from elimination to latent or active disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the landscape of novel tuberculosis vaccine candidates currently in development.
  • To highlight the diverse strategies and targets of these new vaccines, including prevention of infection, disease, recurrence, and therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on TB vaccine development, focusing on candidates in preclinical and clinical trials.
  • Categorization of vaccine candidates into four main types: live attenuated whole-cell, inactivated whole-cell, adjuvanted protein subunit, and viral-vectored vaccines.

Main Results:

  • Several novel TB vaccine candidates, including recombinant BCG (rBCG), are in various stages of development, aiming to improve upon BCG's protective efficacy.
  • These candidates are designed to achieve different goals: prevention of infection (POI), prevention of disease (POD), prevention of recurrence (POR), or therapeutic treatment.

Conclusions:

  • The development of novel TB vaccines holds promise for enhanced protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, addressing the limitations of current strategies.
  • Ongoing research and clinical trials are crucial for validating the immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy of these diverse vaccine candidates for global TB control.