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The nature of leaving groups strongly influences the outcome of a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
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Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
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There, but gone.

Tai J Mendenhall1

  • 1Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota.

Families, Systems & Health : the Journal of Collaborative Family Healthcare
|December 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This case study highlights the tragic outcome of a patient with suicidal ideation who died by suicide after repeated no-harm contracts failed. It underscores the complexities of managing severe depression and suicide risk in clinical practice.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Psychology
  • Psychotherapy
  • Suicidology

Background:

  • Suicidal ideation is a critical concern in mental health treatment.
  • Relationship breakdowns can significantly exacerbate mental health crises.
  • No-harm contracts are a common intervention for managing suicide risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a clinical case illustrating the limitations of traditional interventions.
  • To explore the challenges in managing patients with severe suicidal ideation.
  • To reflect on therapeutic approaches in the face of treatment non-adherence.

Main Methods:

  • A licensed marriage and family therapist provides a narrative case description.
  • Focuses on a male patient experiencing suicidal ideation.

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  • Details the use of multiple no-harm contracts.

    • Main Results:

    • The patient repeatedly agreed to no-harm contracts.
    • Despite interventions, the patient died by suicide.
    • Treatment was complicated by the patient's non-attendance at scheduled sessions.

    Conclusions:

    • This case underscores the potential limitations of no-harm contracts in preventing suicide.
    • Highlights the critical need for ongoing assessment and adaptive treatment strategies.
    • Emphasizes the unpredictable nature of severe mental health conditions and suicide risk.