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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Separation of Immune Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Samples from Children with Infectious Mononucleosis
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COVID-19-associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Multicentric Retrospective Cohort Study.

Bharat Mehra1, Mukul Pandey2, Dhiren Gupta3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-Reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine
|December 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious condition linked to COVID-19. Rising C-reactive protein (CRP) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) levels can predict severe MIS-C in children.

Keywords:
CorticosteroidsHyperinflammationIntravenous Immunoglobulin—IVIGKawasaki diseaseMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)SARS-CoV-2

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care
  • Infectious diseases
  • Pediatric rheumatology

Background:

  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a novel condition associated with SARS-CoV-2.
  • MIS-C affects a small subset of pediatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the demography, clinical features, and laboratory findings of MIS-C patients.
  • To identify predictors of severe MIS-C.
  • To analyze clinical phenotypes and outcomes of MIS-C.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 120 children admitted with MIS-C from April to September 2020.
  • Data collected from eight hospitals in Delhi, India.
  • Analysis of demographic, clinical, laboratory variables, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The median age of patients was 7 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.3:1.
  • 60.8% of children presented with shock, and 52.5% required inotropic support.
  • Three phenotypes were identified: MIS-C with shock (63), MIS-C with Kawasaki disease (23), and MIS-C without shock or KD (34).
  • Atypical presentations included hypothermia, orchitis, and meningoencephalitis.
  • 94% had laboratory evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) were correlated with disease severity.
  • 96% of patients survived after receiving immunomodulatory therapy.

Conclusions:

  • MIS-C presents with diverse clinical manifestations in children.
  • Elevated CRP and ANC are significant predictors of severe MIS-C.
  • Prompt immunomodulatory therapy leads to favorable outcomes in most MIS-C cases.