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Working Memory

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...

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Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

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Memory Monitoring and Control in Japanese and German Preschoolers.

Sunae Kim¹, Atsushi Senju^2,3, Beate Sodian⁴

¹Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK. s.kim@brookes.ac.uk.

Memory & Cognition

|December 17, 2021

Summary

This study found that both Japanese and German preschoolers monitor their memory similarly, but Japanese children

Keywords:

Metacognition cross-cultural memory control memory monitoring preschoolers

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Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Cognitive Science
Cross-Cultural Psychology

Background:

Previous research has focused on early memory monitoring and control development.
Limited studies have explored cross-cultural variations in early childhood metacognitive development.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate cross-cultural similarities and differences in memory monitoring and control.
To examine metacognitive development in Japanese and German preschool-aged children.

Main Methods:

A visual perception task involving picture recognition was administered to 100 Japanese and German preschoolers.
Children assessed their confidence in memory recall and sorted responses based on confidence.
Hierarchical Bayesian estimation was used to assess metacognitive efficiency.

Main Results:

Both cultural groups demonstrated increased confidence for accurate memories over inaccurate ones.
Sorting decisions were consistently based on subjective confidence levels across both groups.
Japanese children's sorting aligned more closely with actual memory accuracy than German children's.

Conclusions:

Early memory monitoring and control exhibit both universal and culturally specific characteristics.
Sociocultural factors likely influence the development of metacognition in early childhood.