Microbial arginine deiminase: A multifaceted green catalyst in biomedical sciences

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Enzymology
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Arginine deiminase (ADI) is a hydrolase converting L-arginine to citrulline and ammonia.
• ADI demonstrates potential in amino acid deprivation therapy (AADT) for arginine-auxotrophic cancers.
• PEGylated recombinant Mycoplasma ADI is in late-stage clinical trials for cancers like hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the diverse biomedical applications of ADI.
• To highlight the need for improved enzyme production and 'biobetter' formulations.
• To elaborate on recent advances in developing ADI as a superior therapeutic enzyme.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of ADI's properties and applications.
• Analysis of current challenges in ADI production and pharmacokinetics.
• Synthesis of recent research on ADI 'biobetter' strategies.

Main Results:

• ADI has established roles in cancer treatment and emerging applications in Alzheimer's, antivirals, nutraceuticals, and bio-analytics.
• Sustainable production and pharmacokinetic improvements are critical for ADI's biopharmaceutical development.
• Significant research focuses on developing ADI as a 'biobetter' enzyme.

Conclusions:

• ADI possesses broad biomedical potential beyond cancer therapy.
• Addressing production and formulation challenges is essential for clinical translation.
• Further development of ADI as a 'biobetter' enzyme is crucial for maximizing its therapeutic impact.