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Related Concept Videos

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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Isolation of CD133+ Liver Stem Cells for Clonal Expansion
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Cell reprogramming in liver with potential clinical correlations.

Yi Chuan Wang1, Zhi Jie Wang1, Cheng Zhang2

  • 1Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.

Journal of Digestive Diseases
|December 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell reprogramming advances treatments for liver disease by creating hepatocyte-like cells. However, challenges remain in cell function, and reprogramming

Keywords:
cell reprogrammingcell transdifferentiationhepatocellular carcinomainduced pluripotent stem cellsliver progenitor cells

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Area of Science:

  • * Regenerative medicine and molecular biology.
  • * Focus on cellular plasticity and its implications in liver disease.

Background:

  • * Cell reprogramming has significantly advanced, enabling applications in experimental models and cytotherapy.
  • * Hepatocyte-like cells, crucial for treating end-stage liver disease, can be generated using various reprogramming methods.
  • * Current challenges include enhancing the differentiation status and physiological functions of these reprogrammed cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the current research on cell reprogramming within the context of liver biology.
  • * To explore the dual role of cell reprogramming in both liver disease pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies.
  • * To highlight the potential of cell reprogramming in addressing liver ailments.

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive literature review of studies on cell reprogramming in liver contexts.
  • * Analysis of transdifferentiation processes involving hepatocytes and other cell types.
  • * Examination of the link between cell reprogramming and liver cancer development, including metastasis and chemoresistance.

Main Results:

  • * Cell reprogramming techniques can generate hepatocyte-like cells, but their functional maturation is a hurdle.
  • * Direct transdifferentiation occurs bidirectionally between hepatocytes and other cell types, both in vitro and in vivo.
  • * Cell reprogramming shares similarities with malignant cell transformation, playing a role in liver cancer progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance.

Conclusions:

  • * Cell reprogramming holds promise for liver disease therapeutics, particularly for generating functional hepatocyte-like cells.
  • * Understanding the intricate relationship between cell reprogramming and liver cancer is critical for developing effective treatments.
  • * Further research is needed to overcome functional limitations and fully harness cell reprogramming's potential in liver disease management.