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Related Concept Videos

Administering Oxygen by Mask01:30

Administering Oxygen by Mask

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Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
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Masking and Demasking Agents01:19

Masking and Demasking Agents

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EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on...
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Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask01:26

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask

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The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...
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PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing01:10

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing

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The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.
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Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

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Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
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PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning01:22

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning

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Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each donning are critical, and the steps must be systematic to avoid exposure to pathogens. The institutional policy also needs to be followed while donning PPE. The pre-donning preparations are gathering equipment, inspecting the PPE equipment for tears, holes, or damage, removing jewelry, removing any garments below the elbows, and tying the hair...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Design and Development of a Three-Dimensionally Printed Microscope Mask Alignment Adapter for the Fabrication of Multilayer Microfluidic Devices
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Design and Development of a Three-Dimensionally Printed Microscope Mask Alignment Adapter for the Fabrication of Multilayer Microfluidic Devices

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Face mask fit modifications that improve source control performance.

Francoise M Blachere1, Angela R Lemons1, Jayme P Coyle1

  • 1Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV.

American Journal of Infection Control
|December 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Face mask modifications significantly improve source control of respiratory aerosols. Mask braces and double masking offer the most effective protection against aerosol expulsion, enhancing mask performance.

Keywords:
Face maskFit modificationRespiratory aerosolsSource control

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Face masks are crucial for source control during the COVID-19 pandemic to limit respiratory aerosol expulsion.
  • Various modifications aim to improve mask fit and effectiveness, but data on their source control performance are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of different face mask fit modifications for source control of respiratory aerosols.
  • To quantify the aerosol blockage performance of modified masks using standardized testing methods.

Main Methods:

  • Fit tests were conducted on human subjects and simulator manikins.
  • A source control measurement system was used to assess aerosol expulsion during simulated coughs and exhalations.
  • Performance of various modifications including knotting, tucking, earloop straps, double masking, and mask braces was evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Unmodified medical masks blocked ≥56% of cough aerosols and ≥42% of exhaled aerosols.
  • Knotting, tucking, earloop straps, and toggles improved mask performance.
  • Double masking (cloth over medical) blocked ≥85% of cough and ≥91% of exhaled aerosols; mask braces achieved ≥95% and ≥99% blockage, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Fit modifications can substantially enhance the efficacy of face masks as source control devices.
  • Mask braces and double masking represent highly effective strategies for reducing respiratory aerosol transmission.