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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Drug Treatment and In Vivo Imaging of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in a Medaka Fish Osteoporosis Model
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Published on: January 1, 2017

Educational Case: Osteoid Osteoma.

Jonathan Light1, Michele Retrouvey2, Richard M Conran3

  • 1School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.

Academic Pathology
|December 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This fictional case study serves as a learning tool for pathology education, aligning with national standards. It covers disease mechanisms, organ system pathology, and diagnostic medicine for medical students.

Keywords:
bonebone tumorchildrenmusculoskeletalorgan system pathologyosteoid osteomapathology competencies

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Pathology Training

Background:

  • The Pathology Competencies for Medical Education (PCME) provide national standards for pathology teaching.
  • PCME is divided into three core competencies: Disease Mechanisms and Processes, Organ System Pathology, and Diagnostic Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a fictional case study as a practical learning tool.
  • To facilitate understanding of the PCME competencies.

Main Methods:

  • A fictional case study was developed.
  • The case study is designed to illustrate key concepts within the PCME framework.

Main Results:

  • The case study effectively demonstrates principles of disease mechanisms and organ system pathology.
  • It provides a practical application for diagnostic medicine and therapeutic pathology.

Conclusions:

  • This learning tool supports the objectives of the PCME.
  • It enhances pathology education by integrating theoretical knowledge with practical case analysis.