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Updated: Oct 9, 2025
Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
Published on: June 13, 2025
A scoping review of knowledge authoring tools used for developing computerized clinical decision support systems
Sujith Surendran Nair1,2, Chenyu Li1, Ritu Doijad1
1Division of General Internal Medicine, Section of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Clinical Knowledge Authoring Tools (CKATs) are essential for Clinical Decision Support (CDS) systems. This review identified common CKAT features but found no single tool met all ideal criteria, offering guidance for future development.
Area of Science:
- Health Informatics
- Medical Software Engineering
Background:
- Clinical Knowledge Authoring Tools (CKATs) are crucial for developing computerized Clinical Decision Support (CDS) systems.
- CKATs facilitate the creation of accurate and reliable digital knowledge for CDS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare existing CKATs.
- To identify common features of CKATs.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search using PubMed and Embase was conducted.
- 47 eligible studies describing 33 unique CKATs were identified and analyzed.
- Salient characteristics were extracted and grouped into common CKAT features.
Main Results:
- 55% of CKATs use open-source platforms; 70% offer APIs for CDS integration.
- Most CKATs provide graphical user interfaces (97%) and intellisense coding (97%).
- No single CKAT met all identified criteria, including simulation, validation, standardized models, and domain independence.
Conclusions:
- This scoping review outlines key specifications for effective CKATs.
- The proposed CKAT specifications can guide developers in creating more targeted and efficient tools for CDS knowledge authoring.
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