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Related Concept Videos

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Related Experiment Video

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A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
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Predicting others' knowledge in younger and older adulthood.

Morgan K Taylor1,2, Elizabeth J Marsh3

  • 1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA. morgan.k.taylor@duke.edu.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|December 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

People understand that knowledge, unlike memory, improves with age. Awareness of semantic memory (knowledge) gains in older adults can foster positive self-perceptions and inform metacognition theories.

Keywords:
AgingBeliefsMetacognitionSemantic memoryStereotypes

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Gerontology
  • Social psychology

Background:

  • Societal beliefs often focus on age-related memory decline.
  • Semantic memory (knowledge) generally increases or remains stable throughout adulthood.
  • Awareness of cognitive changes in aging influences social interactions and self-perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate laypeople's awareness of age-related changes in semantic memory.
  • To examine how beliefs about one's own knowledge influence perceptions of others' knowledge.
  • To explore the implications for metacognition and positive aging.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (younger and older adults) estimated the knowledge of hypothetical individuals of different ages.
  • Some participants also predicted and demonstrated their own knowledge.
  • Knowledge estimation tasks were used to assess awareness of semantic memory patterns.

Main Results:

  • Both younger and older adults correctly estimated that older adults would perform better on knowledge tests.
  • Participants demonstrated awareness that knowledge is not impaired by aging.
  • Personal beliefs about one's own knowledge affected judgments about others' knowledge.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals possess an awareness of preserved or enhanced knowledge in older adulthood.
  • This awareness can contribute to more positive self-perceptions in older adults.
  • Findings advance understanding of metacognition and age-related cognitive beliefs.