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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Iodometry and iodimetry are analytical methods used to determine the concentration of oxidizing or reducing agents using iodine. In iodometric titrations, the oxidizing analyte solution is usually acidified and treated with an excess of iodide ions, which generates an equivalent amount of iodine in equilibrium with triiodide. The released iodine is subsequently titrated directly against a standardized reducing agent. As the dilute iodine color becomes pale yellow, a few drops of freshly...
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Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
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Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents01:26

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Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
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Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
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Redox titration is a chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by measuring the electron transfer in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The process involves gradually adding a titrant with a known concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent, to the analyte, the solution with an unknown concentration, until reaching the endpoint, which indicates the completion of the reaction between the two substances. Ensuring the analyte is in a single...
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Two-Electron Redox Chemistry Enabled High-Performance Iodide-Ion Conversion Battery.

Xinliang Li1, Yanlei Wang2, Ze Chen1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|December 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel two-electron redox chemistry for iodide-ion batteries, significantly improving capacity and cycle stability. The new battery chemistry operates effectively across a wide temperature range, overcoming limitations of traditional lithium-iodine batteries.

Keywords:
DFT calculationshaloid cathodeiodide-ion conversiontemperature-insensitivetwo-electron redox

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Conventional organic iodine batteries suffer from low capacity, poor redox potential, and limited cycle life due to single-electron transfer and shuttle effects.
  • Sluggish reaction kinetics in lithium-iodine (Li-I) batteries hinder their performance compared to other conversion-type batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new iodide-ion battery with enhanced performance by exploring novel redox chemistry.
  • To investigate a two-electron redox mechanism (I-/I+) utilizing inter-halogen cooperation for improved energy storage.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel haloid cathode material.
  • Experimental characterization of battery performance, including capacity, voltage, and cycle stability.
  • Theoretical calculations to elucidate the reaction mechanism and species involved.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a state-of-the-art capacity of 408 mAh gI-1.
  • Demonstrated fast redox kinetics and superior cycle stability.
  • Recorded a high energy density of 1324 Wh kgI-1 with a 3.42 V discharge plateau.
  • Exhibited temperature-insensitive performance, operating efficiently at -30°C.

Conclusions:

  • The novel two-electron redox chemistry (I-/I+) with inter-halogen cooperation offers a significant advancement in iodide-ion battery technology.
  • The developed haloid cathode enables high energy density, fast kinetics, and excellent durability.
  • The robust and temperature-resilient chemistry holds promise for next-generation energy storage solutions.