Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Decoding inner speech with functional connectivity.

Biomedical physics & engineering express·2026
Same author

EEG Monitoring of Temporal Anticipation in Coincidence Anticipation Timing Tasks: A Scoping Review With Recommendations.

Brain and behavior·2025
Same author

Brain Functional Connectivity is Altered in Professional Footballers With Previous Hamstring Injury.

International journal of sports physiology and performance·2025
Same author

The role of the reference electrode in EEG recordings: looking from an inverted perspective.

Biomedical physics & engineering express·2025
Same author

Identification and analysis of reference-independent movement event-related desynchronization.

Biomedical physics & engineering express·2024
Same author

Psycho-physio-neurological correlates of qualitative attention, emotion and flow experiences in a close-to-real-life extreme sports situation: low- and high-altitude slackline walking.

PeerJ·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Author Spotlight: Using Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface to Improve Motor and Cognitive Function in Stroke Patients
09:42

Author Spotlight: Using Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface to Improve Motor and Cognitive Function in Stroke Patients

Published on: September 1, 2023

1.5K

Motor imagery practice and feedback effects on functional connectivity.

Carlos Alberto Stefano Filho1,2, Romis Ribeiro de Faisol Attux2,3, Gabriela Castellano1,2

  • 1Neurophysics Group, Institute of Physics 'Gleb Wataghin', University of Campinas, Campinas (São Paulo), Brazil.

Journal of Neural Engineering
|December 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Motor imagery practice alone enhances visual processing. Actual neurofeedback, however, disrupts common brain connectivity patterns, indicating personalized neural plasticity for motor rehabilitation.

Keywords:
EEGfMRIfunctional connectivitygraph theorymotor imageryneural plasticityneurofeedback

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Neurorehabilitation Through EEG, Motor Imagery, and Virtual Reality
10:14

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Neurorehabilitation Through EEG, Motor Imagery, and Virtual Reality

Published on: May 10, 2024

1.3K
A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
07:05

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

11.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Author Spotlight: Using Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface to Improve Motor and Cognitive Function in Stroke Patients
09:42

Author Spotlight: Using Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface to Improve Motor and Cognitive Function in Stroke Patients

Published on: September 1, 2023

1.5K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Neurorehabilitation Through EEG, Motor Imagery, and Virtual Reality
10:14

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Neurorehabilitation Through EEG, Motor Imagery, and Virtual Reality

Published on: May 10, 2024

1.3K
A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
07:05

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

11.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Brain-Computer Interfaces

Background:

  • Motor imagery (MI) is a promising technique for motor rehabilitation, but requires extensive practice.
  • Understanding the neural changes associated with MI practice and feedback is crucial for optimizing training.
  • Differentiating feedback-specific neural changes from general MI practice effects remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate functional connectivity (FC) changes after motor imagery (MI) practice.
  • To determine whether these FC changes are specific to feedback or a result of MI practice alone.
  • To assess the impact of actual neurofeedback versus sham or no feedback on neural activity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized graph theory analysis on electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data.
  • Compared three groups: no feedback (control), sham feedback, and actual neurofeedback (active).
  • Conducted 12-13 hands-MI EEG sessions with pre- and post-MI training fMRI scans.

Main Results:

  • Motor imagery practice alone increased connectivity in occipital regions during resting-state fMRI.
  • Sham feedback showed similar, but less pronounced, effects on connectivity.
  • Actual neurofeedback uniquely decreased inter-subject functional connectivity patterns during MI and at rest.

Conclusions:

  • Actual neurofeedback promotes subject-specific neural plasticity by disrupting common connectivity patterns.
  • These findings highlight the importance of personalized approaches in neurofeedback-based training (NFBT) protocols.
  • Future research should consider these subject-specific mechanisms when designing NFBT interventions.