Immunohistochemical Evaluation of PARP and Caspase-3 as Prognostic Markers in Prostate Carcinomas

Prostate cancer is the second most common neoplasm among men, with a high mortality rate in advanced stages. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) plays an important role in repair to DNA damage, being associated with resistance to tumor cell death. Conversely, Caspase-3 is a crucial mediator of programmed cell death, being highly expressed in apoptotic cells. The aim of the present study was to characterize the expression of PARP and Caspase-3 by immunohistochemistry in patients with advanced prostate cancer. PARP and Caspase-3 were independently correlated to patients' evolution, in accordance with the classification of prognostic groups. The increase in PARP expression was positively correlated with tumor patients with poor prognosis (P < 0.0001). In contrast, a decrease in Caspase-3 expression was identified in patients with poor prognosis, when compared with prostate cancer patients with good prognosis (P = 0.0007). Numerically, 92.3% of patients previously classified with poor prognosis showed higher PARP expression, while 93.75% of patients previously classified with good prognosis showed higher levels of Caspase-3. We conclude that PARP and Caspase-3 are potential prognostic markers for prostate cancer patients with different prognosis.