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Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

Published on: October 28, 2022

Subtalar Dislocations.

Siddhartha Sharma¹, Sandeep Patel, Mandeep S Dhillon

¹From the Department of Orthopedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global Research & Reviews

|December 22, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Subtalar dislocations are rare injuries affecting the talocalcaneal and talonavicular joints. Outcomes vary based on injury energy, with low-energy medial dislocations generally having better prognoses than high-energy lateral ones.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Traumatology
Sports Medicine

Background:

Subtalar dislocations are uncommon injuries involving the talocalcaneal and talonavicular joints.
These injuries are often associated with significant trauma and can lead to long-term complications if not managed properly.

Purpose of the Study:

To differentiate between medial and lateral subtalar dislocations based on mechanism, treatment, and outcomes.
To highlight the importance of accurate reduction and stabilization for preventing hindfoot deformity and chronic instability.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on subtalar dislocations.
Analysis of injury mechanisms, clinical presentation, and treatment modalities.
Evaluation of outcomes, including functional recovery and complication rates.

Main Results:

Medial subtalar dislocations typically result from low-energy mechanisms and are often amenable to closed reduction.
Lateral subtalar dislocations are associated with high-energy trauma, frequently involve other foot injuries, and may necessitate open reduction.
Low-energy medial dislocations generally have favorable outcomes, while high-energy lateral dislocations have more guarded prognoses.

Conclusions:

Accurate reduction and adequate stabilization are crucial to prevent hindfoot deformity and chronic instability following subtalar dislocations.
Subtalar joint arthrosis can develop even with anatomic reduction due to initial cartilage damage.
Understanding the distinct characteristics of medial versus lateral subtalar dislocations is key for optimizing patient management and outcomes.