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Permittivity-Inspired Microwave Resonator-Based Biosensor Based on Integrated Passive Device Technology for Glucose

Wei Yue1, Eun-Seong Kim1, Bao-Hua Zhu1

  • 1Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC), Kwangwoon University, Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Korea.

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Summary

We developed a novel resonator biosensor for mediator-free glucose detection. This gallium arsenide (GaAs) device offers high sensitivity and a wide detection range, enabling reliable glucose monitoring.

Keywords:
air-bridge capacitorbiosensorglucose identificationintegrated passive device (IPD)microwavepermittivity

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Accurate glucose monitoring is crucial for diabetes management.
  • Existing biosensors often require mediators, adding complexity and potential error.
  • Development of sensitive, mediator-free biosensors is an ongoing research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and characterize a high-performance resonator-based biosensor for mediator-free glucose identification.
  • To demonstrate the biosensor's capability for sensitive and reliable glucose detection.
  • To validate the biosensor's performance metrics, including sensitivity, detection range, and reusability.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an air-bridge capacitor biosensor using integrated passive device technology on a gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate.
  • Utilizing a spiral inductor with an air-bridge as the sensing surface.
  • Measuring resonant frequency shifts in response to varying glucose concentrations.
  • Analyzing surface morphology and chemical binding to confirm reusability.

Main Results:

  • The biosensor achieved resonant frequency shifts of 0.874 GHz and 1.244 GHz for glucose concentrations of 25 mg/dL and 300 mg/dL, respectively.
  • Demonstrated high sensitivity of 1.38 MHz/mg/dL within a wide detection range (25-300 mg/dL).
  • Achieved a low detection limit of 24.59 mg/dL with high linearity (R²=0.98823) and a rapid response time (<3 s).

Conclusions:

  • The proposed resonator-based biosensor offers a promising solution for mediator-free glucose identification.
  • The GaAs-based device exhibits excellent sensitivity, a broad detection range, and high reliability.
  • The biosensor's design and performance validate its potential for practical glucose monitoring applications.