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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

3.2K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
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High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal

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Liquid Crystals: Versatile Self-Organized Smart Soft Materials.

Hari Krishna Bisoyi1, Quan Li1,2

  • 1Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States.

Chemical Reviews
|December 23, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liquid crystals (LCs) are versatile smart soft materials with adaptive properties. Recent advancements showcase their use beyond displays in applications like smart windows, biosensors, and advanced membranes.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Liquid crystals (LCs) are pivotal in information displays due to their responsive and adaptive nature.
  • Beyond displays, LCs are increasingly recognized for their potential as smart soft materials in advanced technologies.
  • Recent research focuses on novel LC material design to harness their stimuli-responsive characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in light-driven chiral liquid crystals (cholesteric and blue phases).
  • To explore diverse beyond-display applications of liquid crystals.
  • To highlight the potential of LCs as smart soft materials for future devices.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on liquid crystal applications.
  • Analysis of novel liquid crystal material designs and their properties.
  • Synthesis of findings across various LC applications including smart windows, elastomers, biosensors, membranes, and confined systems.

Main Results:

  • Recent progress in light-driven chiral LCs (cholesteric and blue phases).
  • Demonstration of LC-based smart windows for dynamic control of heat and light.
  • Development of LC elastomers for bioinspired actuators and LC biosensors for molecular detection.
  • Exploration of LC membranes for separation and LC behavior under confinement.

Conclusions:

  • Liquid crystals are emerging as key smart soft materials with broad applications.
  • Continued innovation in LC material design and understanding stimuli-responsive behavior is crucial.
  • LCs offer significant opportunities for future smart devices, augmented reality, and beyond.