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Diagnostics for COVID-19: moving from pandemic response to control
Rosanna W Peeling1, David L Heymann2, Yik-Ying Teo3
1Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Medical Microbiology Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 23, 2021
Summary
Diagnostic tests are vital for COVID-19 response. Molecular, antigen, and antibody tests each play a unique role in detection, public health screening, and surveillance during the pandemic transition.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Infectious Disease Diagnostics
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Diagnostics are essential for managing the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Three primary SARS-CoV-2 detection methods exist, with evolving roles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the roles of molecular, antigen, and antibody tests in COVID-19 response.
- To discuss the utility of these diagnostics in different pandemic phases.
Main Methods:
- Review of molecular tests (PCR) for high sensitivity and specificity.
- Analysis of antigen rapid detection tests for speed, cost-effectiveness, and transmission risk identification.
- Evaluation of antibody tests for surveillance and public policy, not for immunity proof.
Main Results:
- Molecular tests confirm symptomatic cases and guide public health measures.
- Antigen tests facilitate rapid screening, protect vulnerable populations, and support safe reopening.
- Antibody tests aid in understanding population immunity and informing policy.
Conclusions:
- All three diagnostic methods remain critical for transitioning from COVID-19 pandemic response to control.
- Each test type offers distinct advantages for clinical diagnosis, public health screening, and epidemiological surveillance.
- The strategic use of diagnostics is key to managing the ongoing impact of SARS-CoV-2.
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