Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
04:36

Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Published on: October 2, 2020

2.3K

Association between Cardiac Outcomes and Indoxyl Sulfate Levels in Hemodialysis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Zhuo Li1, Guibao Ke2, Li Song1

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.

Kidney & Blood Pressure Research
|December 23, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Male sex, older age, and mitral regurgitation are linked to higher indoxyl sulfate (IS) levels in hemodialysis patients. These factors may contribute to cardiovascular issues in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a protein-bound uremic toxin linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients.
  • Factors influencing serum IS concentrations in HD patients remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the demographic, clinical, and biochemical factors associated with serum total-form IS levels in HD patients.
  • To identify predictors of elevated IS in a Chinese HD population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 100 HD patients from Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital.
  • Collection and analysis of baseline characteristics, echocardiography, electrocardiogram results, and biochemical indicators.
  • Multiple linear regression analysis to identify independent predictors of serum IS.

Main Results:

  • Serum IS levels were significantly higher in patients aged ≥60 years, males, and those with mitral regurgitation or inadequate dialysis.
  • Independent factors associated with serum IS included male sex, age, ventricular septal thickness, and mitral regurgitation.
  • Mitral regurgitation was associated with higher IS levels in both younger (<60 years) and older (≥60 years) HD patients.

Conclusions:

  • Male sex, age ≥60 years, increased ventricular septal thickness, and mitral regurgitation are independently associated with elevated total serum IS concentrations in Chinese HD patients.
  • Elevated IS may contribute to the development or progression of mitral regurgitation in HD patients, particularly those under 60 years old.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiac outcomesHemodialysisIndoxyl sulfate

More Related Videos

A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy07:52

A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy

Published on: November 7, 2017

21.1K
Evaluation of Hydration Status by Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Undergoing Exercise Stress Test10:21

Evaluation of Hydration Status by Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Undergoing Exercise Stress Test

Published on: September 22, 2023

743

Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
79
Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
397
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
179
Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management01:25

Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management

The nursing management of a patient undergoing hemodialysis includes several critical steps, starting with a thorough assessment before the procedure.Before the Hemodialysis ProcedureFirst, record the patient's vital signs—blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature—to establish a baseline. This baseline is essential for detecting conditions such as hypotension that could impact the patient's response to dialysis. Document the patient's pre-dialysis weight, as this...
263
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
20
Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
522