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Related Concept Videos

Electric Field of a Charged Disk01:23

Electric Field of a Charged Disk

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The simplest case of a surface charge distribution is the uniformly charged disk. Calculating its electric field also helps us calculate the electric field of a large plane of charge.
The system's symmetry is in the cylindrical directions across the plane of the charge. As a result, the electric fields created by various surface charge elements nullify each other in the direction parallel to the surface. Thereby, the resulting electric field is perpendicular to the plane. Since the disk is...
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Gauss' law relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the net charge enclosed by that surface. Gauss's law can be applied to find the electric field and the charge enclosed in a region depending on its charge distribution.
Consider a cross-section of a thin, infinite conducting plate having a positive charge. For such a large thin plate, as the thickness of the plate tends to zero, the positive charges lie on the plate's two large faces. Without an external electric...
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When an electric field passes from one homogeneous medium to another, crossing the boundary between the two mediums imparts a discontinuity in the electric field. This results in electrostatic boundary conditions that depend on the type of mediums the field propagates through.
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The Earth is a good conductor of electricity, and it is so big that it can be considered an infinite source or sink of charges. It can easily exchange charges with any matter.
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Consider a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium. The net electric field inside a conductor vanishes, and extra charges on the conductor reside on its outer surface, regardless of where they originate.
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For a conductor in which all charges are at rest, the conductor's surface is equipotential. The electric field is always perpendicular to equipotential surfaces. Therefore, in a conductor with static charges, the electric field just outside the conductor is always perpendicular to the conductor's surface. Any tangential component of the electric field will cause charges to move inside the conductor, which will violate the electrostatic nature of the system. In an electrostatic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids
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Published on: September 30, 2014

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Electroprewetting near a flat charged surface.

Yoav Tsori1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.

Physical Review. E
|December 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Charged surfaces significantly alter fluid density, influencing droplet nucleation. This study reveals critical surface potentials and phase transitions relevant to atmospheric phenomena.

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Understanding fluid behavior at interfaces is crucial for various physical and chemical processes.
  • Ionic fluids near charged surfaces experience complex electrostatic interactions.
  • The interplay of van der Waals forces, ions, and charged surfaces dictates wetting phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the wetting behavior of a classical van der Waals fluid with dissociated ions on a charged flat surface.
  • To analyze the effects of dielectrophoretic and electrophoretic forces on fluid density profiles.
  • To determine the critical surface potential for prewetting and map the phase diagram.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical and numerical calculations of fluid density profiles.

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  • Determination of energy integrals.
  • Phase diagram analysis, including first-order and second-order transition lines.

    • Main Results:

    • Dielectrophoretic and electrophoretic forces increase fluid density near the charged wall.
    • The critical surface potential for prewetting was successfully obtained.
    • A critical point was identified in the phase diagram where first-order and second-order transitions meet, with variable critical temperature relative to bulk.

    Conclusions:

    • Charged surfaces and ions significantly modify fluid wetting properties.
    • The findings provide insights into droplet nucleation around charged atmospheric particles.
    • The study may explain deviations observed in atmospheric nucleation rate experiments.