Adhesion GPCR GPR56 Expression Profiling in Human Tissues

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Immunology
• Neuroscience

Background:

• G protein-coupled receptor 56 (GPR56), encoded by the ADGRG1 gene, plays crucial roles in tumorigenesis, immune regulation, and brain development.
• Despite its functional importance, the precise tissue distribution of GPR56 in humans remains largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

• To establish a comprehensive human GPR56 tissue expression profile.
• To validate antibodies for reliable GPR56 detection in various immunotechniques.

Main Methods:

• Antibody validation using GPR56-tagged and ADGRG1-knockout cells.
• Determination of GPR56 protein expression across human tissues.
• Correlation analysis with ADGRG1 RNA-sequencing data.

Main Results:

• A strong correlation was observed between ADGRG1 mRNA levels and GPR56 protein expression across human tissues.
• GPR56 is prominently expressed in adult brain microglia.
• Outside the central nervous system, GPR56 is frequently found in secreting epithelial cells of the thyroid, kidney, and placenta, often associated with secreted proteins.

Conclusions:

• GPR56 exhibits a broad expression pattern in humans, not restricted to specific cell types.
• The findings provide a foundational understanding of GPR56 localization, aiding future research into its diverse physiological and pathological roles.