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Circulating IgG Levels in SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Individuals in Cyprus.

Ioannis Mamais1, Apostolos Malatras2, Gregory Papagregoriou2

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|December 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Investigating SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels in Cyprus revealed significant variability. Antibody titers were linked to age, gender, and symptom severity, peaking at three months post-infection.

Keywords:
COVID-19CyprusIgGSARS-CoV-2antibodies

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Long-term humoral immunity and antibody response heterogeneity to SARS-CoV-2 require further investigation.
  • Understanding antibody persistence is crucial for managing the COVID-19 pandemic and developing effective vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the production and long-term persistence of circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with a history of infection in Cyprus.
  • To evaluate the association between antibody levels and demographic and clinical factors.

Main Methods:

  • Serum samples from 969 unvaccinated individuals with reported SARS-CoV-2 infection were analyzed for receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG antibodies using Abbott assays.
  • Antibody levels were correlated with participant demographics (age, gender) and clinical data (symptoms, hospitalization).
  • Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 16.

Main Results:

  • Median RBD-specific IgG levels were 432.1 arbitrary units (AI)/mL, showing significant variability.
  • Higher antibody levels were observed in older participants, males, and those with reported symptoms or hospitalization.
  • RBD-specific IgG levels peaked at three months post-symptom onset, followed by a decrease up to six months and a slower decay thereafter.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response is bi-phasic with considerable titer variability.
  • IgG levels are significantly associated with age, gender, and symptom severity in the studied population.
  • These findings contribute to understanding long-term immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection.