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Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissections: A Systematic Review.

Giovanni Teruzzi1, Giulia Santagostino Baldi1, Sebastiano Gili1

  • 1Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Invasive Cardiology Department, 20138 Milan, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|December 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) causes heart attacks in 5-8% of acute coronary syndrome cases. This review details SCAD

Keywords:
SCADclinical outcomesspontaneous coronary dissection

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an under-recognized cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
  • SCAD accounts for 5-8% of ACS presentations, distinct from atherosclerotic coronary artery disease.
  • Understanding SCAD's unique epidemiology and pathophysiology is crucial for effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive and contemporary review of SCAD.
  • To elucidate the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management strategies for SCAD.
  • To highlight the differences between SCAD and atherosclerotic causes of myocardial infarction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on SCAD.
  • Synthesis of data on SCAD demographics, risk factors, and clinical outcomes.
  • Analysis of current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for SCAD.

Main Results:

  • SCAD affects a different demographic profile compared to atherosclerotic disease.
  • Specific risk factors are associated with SCAD development.
  • Management strategies for SCAD require tailored approaches.

Conclusions:

  • SCAD represents a significant cause of myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries.
  • Further research is needed to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of SCAD.
  • Recognizing SCAD's distinct characteristics is essential for improving patient care and outcomes.