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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Updated: Oct 9, 2025

MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier MSC for Lung Cancer Screening
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The Connection between MicroRNAs and Oral Cancer Pathogenesis: Emerging Biomarkers in Oral Cancer Management.

Ciprian Osan1, Sergiu Chira1, Andreea Mihaela Nutu1

  • 1Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Genes
|December 24, 2021
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MicroRNAs are key in oral cancer development and progression. These small RNAs show promise as stable, non-invasive biomarkers for early oral cancer detection and prognosis.

Keywords:
biomarkersoncomiRsoral cancertumor microenvironmenttumor suppressor miRs

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Oral cancer remains a significant health concern with high mortality rates.
  • Gene expression alterations in proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes drive tumorigenesis.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression implicated in oral cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the expression and function of key microRNAs in oral cancer.
  • To highlight the potential of microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
  • To discuss microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for early oral cancer detection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on microRNA expression and function in oral cancer.
  • Analysis of microRNA roles in oral cancer development, progression, and microenvironment.
  • Evaluation of microRNAs as biomarkers in liquid biopsies.

Main Results:

  • Identified eight key microRNAs involved in oral cancer pathogenesis.
  • Demonstrated the stability and differential expression of microRNAs in oral cancer.
  • Highlighted the potential of microRNAs for early detection and prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are pivotal in oral cancer development and progression.
  • MicroRNAs hold significant promise as non-invasive biomarkers for early oral cancer detection.
  • Further research is needed to overcome limitations and establish microRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools.