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The Connection between MicroRNAs and Oral Cancer Pathogenesis: Emerging Biomarkers in Oral Cancer Management

Ciprian Osan1, Sergiu Chira1, Andreea Mihaela Nutu1

  • 1Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Genes
|December 24, 2021
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs are key in oral cancer development and progression. These small RNAs show promise as stable, non-invasive biomarkers for early oral cancer detection and prognosis.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Oral cancer remains a significant health concern with high mortality rates.
  • Gene expression alterations in proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes drive tumorigenesis.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression implicated in oral cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the expression and function of key microRNAs in oral cancer.
  • To highlight the potential of microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
  • To discuss microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for early oral cancer detection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on microRNA expression and function in oral cancer.
  • Analysis of microRNA roles in oral cancer development, progression, and microenvironment.
  • Evaluation of microRNAs as biomarkers in liquid biopsies.

Main Results:

  • Identified eight key microRNAs involved in oral cancer pathogenesis.
  • Demonstrated the stability and differential expression of microRNAs in oral cancer.
  • Highlighted the potential of microRNAs for early detection and prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are pivotal in oral cancer development and progression.
  • MicroRNAs hold significant promise as non-invasive biomarkers for early oral cancer detection.
  • Further research is needed to overcome limitations and establish microRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
Keywords:
biomarkersoncomiRsoral cancertumor microenvironmenttumor suppressor miRs

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