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Related Concept Videos

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Mechanism of heat transfer

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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The Joule-Thomson effect, also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect, describes the temperature change of a fluid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it in a thermally insulated environment. This experiment is called a throttling process. This is an important effect widely used in refrigeration and the liquefaction of gases.
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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
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Thermal Cloak: Theory, Experiment and Application.

Xiuli Yue1,2, Junyi Nangong1,2, Peiyan Chen3

  • 1National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers have advanced thermal cloaks, devices that hide objects from heat detection. This review covers recent progress in thermal conduction, convection, and radiation cloaking, alongside applications and future challenges.

Keywords:
heat transferscattering cancellation methodthermal cloakstransformation theory

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Area of Science:

  • Metamaterials and transformation optics have enabled functional devices like invisibility cloaks.
  • Thermal cloaks, first theorized in 2008 and demonstrated in 2012, represent significant progress in heat transfer manipulation.

Background:

  • The development of metamaterials and theoretical tools like transformation optics has spurred advancements in functional devices.
  • Invisibility cloaks have been experimentally realized across electromagnetics, acoustics, and thermodynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review summarizes recent advancements in thermal cloak technology.
  • It covers theoretical designs, experimental realizations, and potential applications of thermal cloaks.
  • The study categorizes progress based on heat transfer mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of theoretical designs for thermal cloaks.
  • Analysis of experimental realizations across different heat transfer modes.
  • Classification of thermal cloaking based on conduction, convection, and radiation.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in both the theory and experimental demonstration of thermal cloaks.
  • Thermal cloaks have been developed for various heat transfer mechanisms.
  • Potential applications are being explored across diverse fields.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advances in thermal cloaks show great promise for future applications.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges and explore new directions in thermal cloaking.
  • The field is rapidly evolving, driven by innovations in metamaterials and heat transfer manipulation.