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Updated: Oct 9, 2025
Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
Published on: February 27, 2017
Structural Disorder in Layered Hybrid Halide Perovskites: Types of Stacking Faults, Influence on Optical Properties
Andrei S Tutantsev1, Ekaterina I Marchenko1,2, Natalia N Udalova1
1Laboratory of New Materials for Solar Energetics, Faculty of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Lenin Hills, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Abstract:
Layered hybrid halide perovskites (LHHPs) are an emerging type of semiconductor with a set of unique optoelectronic properties. However, the solution processing of high-quality LHHPs films with desired optical properties and phase composition is a challenging task, possibly due to the structural disorder in the LHHP phase. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of experimental evidence and understanding of the nature of the structural disorder in LHHPs and its influence on the optical properties of the material. In the current work, using 2D perovskites (C4H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)n-1PbnI3n+1 (further BA2MAn-1PbnI3n+1) with n = 1-4 as a model system, we demonstrate that deviations in LHHPs optical properties and X-ray diffraction occur due to the presence of continuous defects-Stacking Faults (SFs). Upon analyzing the experimental data and modeled XRD patterns of a possible set of stacking faults (SFs) in the BA2MAPb2I7 phase, we uncover the most plausible type of SFs, featured by the thickness variation within one perovskite slab. We also demonstrate the successful suppression of SFs formation by simple addition of BAI excess into BA2MAn-1PbnI3n+1 solutions.
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