Does Sex in Managerial Positions Really Matter? Differences in Work-Related Feelings and Behaviors
Magdalena Anna Jaworek1, Tadeusz Marek2, Waldemar Karwowski3
1Department of Organizational Behavior, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Purpose:
The aim of the current study was to test hypotheses regarding differences in work-related feelings (ie, dejection, anxiety, anger, and happiness) and behaviors (aggressive, avoidance-passive, and proactive) between males and females, managers and non-managers, and male and female managers.
Methods:
This survey-based study included a total of 3019 respondents, consisting of 502 managers and 2517 employees working in non-managerial positions. Data were collected using two questionnaires developed by the authors: the scale of work-related affective feelings (WORAF) and the scale of work-related behaviors (WORAB).
Results:
The results revealed significant differences between managers and non-managers, with managers being happier in their jobs and exhibiting more proactive behaviors. However, there were no differences in work-related feelings or work-related behaviors between males and females in the total sample of respondents or in the group of employees holding managerial positions.
Conclusion:
In terms of work-related feelings and behaviors, there are no sex differences among working people. However, some differences between managers and non-managers were observed.
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