Ti-Based porous materials for reactive oxygen species-mediated photocatalytic reactions

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive oxidants that are typically generated by the irradiation of semiconducting materials with visible or UV light and are widely used for the photocatalytic degradation of toxic substances, photodynamic therapy, and selective organic transformations. In this context, TiO₂ is considered to be among the most promising photocatalysts due to its high redox activity, structural stability, and natural abundance. In view of the extensive development of highly active photocatalysts, we herein briefly introduce TiO₂ and the mechanisms of TiO₂-mediated ROS generation, subsequently focusing on key advances in the design and synthesis of Ti-containing porous materials, such as porous TiO₂, Ti-based metal-organic frameworks, and Ti-based metal-organic aerogels. In particular, this review highlights the significance of porosity and the structure-function relationship for the development of Ti-based photocatalysts. The structures, porosities, and ROS generation mechanisms of these materials as well as the related efficiencies of ROS-mediated photocatalytic organic transformations are discussed in detail to provide a useful reference for future researchers and to inspire the exploration of high-performance photocatalysts.