Genetic diversity analysis of cattle genetic groups of Kerala state using microsatellite data

Cattle belonging to seven different genetic groups in Kerala state, India were chosen for the study to find out the genetic diversity between the groups, which would aid in their sustainable improvement and conservation of native cattle. They included the native groups namely, Vechur, Kasaragod, Vadakara dwarf and Vilwadri, along with three different grades of crossbred cattle, based on milk production. Genomic DNA was isolated from 20 to 30 unrelated animals of each group and a panel of 25 microsatellite markers as suggested by FAO-ISAG, were amplified by multiplex PCR. The PCR amplicons were genotyped and the allelic data analyzed using suitable Bioinformatics softwares. The present study showed that the observed number of alleles was much more than the expected, in all populations. The mean PIC value obtained for the present study was 0.8912 and increased number of private alleles were observed, especially in Vilwadri and Kasaragod groups. Negative value of F_IS (-0.055) indicated that the level of inbreeding was less. The F_ST value was 0.1442 indicating that the populations showed good genetic differentiation. The results of Structure analysis revealed admixture only in Vadakara population. The results obtained from the present study showed that Vilwadri and Kasaragod cattle showed distinct differences from other groups.