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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

10
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
10
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

16
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
16
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

5
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
5
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

7
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

13
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Virtual Self-learning Modules Integrating Pharmacology Concepts into a Geriatric Elective.

Laurel Gorman1, Andrea Berry2, Mariana Dangiolo3

  • 1Dept. Medical Education, University Central Florida College of Medicine, 6850 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827 USA.

Medical Science Educator
|December 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Virtual geriatric pharmacology self-learning modules (SLMs) effectively integrated foundational sciences during clerkship. Learners showed improved performance and confidence, highlighting SLMs as a valuable virtual educational strategy.

Keywords:
Basic science-clerkship integrationBlended learningE-learningGeriatricsPharmacology educationVertical integration

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Geriatric Pharmacology
  • Virtual Learning

Background:

  • Clinical rotations present challenges in integrating foundational sciences.
  • Medical learners often struggle to revisit core scientific concepts during clerkships.
  • Effective virtual strategies are needed to bridge this gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate virtual self-learning modules (SLMs) for geriatric pharmacology.
  • To assess the impact of SLMs on learner understanding, confidence, and attitudes.
  • To determine the feasibility of using SLMs for integrating foundational sciences in clerkships.

Main Methods:

  • Developed virtual geriatric pharmacology SLMs for a fourth-year elective.
  • Modules incorporated cases, interactive exercises, resources, feedback, and quizzes.
  • Administered pre- and post-elective quizzes and surveys to evaluate effectiveness.

Main Results:

  • Learners demonstrated improved performance on post-elective assessments.
  • Participants valued the integration and reinforcement of pharmacology during the clerkship.
  • SLMs were reported to enhance understanding, confidence, and attitudes toward geriatric pharmacology.

Conclusions:

  • Virtual geriatric pharmacology SLMs are an effective method for integrating foundational sciences.
  • SLMs can improve learner performance, understanding, and confidence.
  • This virtual approach can be adapted to teach other foundational sciences during medical clerkships.