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Related Experiment Video

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Data Acquisition Protocol for Determining Embedded Sensitivity Functions
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The evolution of quantitative sensitivity.

Margaret A H Bryer1,2, Sarah E Koopman3, Jessica F Cantlon1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|December 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that brain neuron density and general cognitive abilities predict how precisely animals represent approximate quantities. These findings highlight evolutionary constraints on cognition across different species.

Keywords:
Weber fractionbrain evolutionquantity discrimination

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative cognition
  • Evolutionary neuroscience
  • Animal behavior

Background:

  • The ability to represent approximate quantities is widespread across species, but its evolutionary drivers and underlying mechanisms are not well understood.
  • Understanding the factors influencing quantity representation can provide insights into cognitive evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phylogenetic and proximate factors influencing quantity discrimination abilities in birds and mammals.
  • To identify which cognitive, socioecological, and biological factors predict variations in the precision of quantity representation.

Main Methods:

  • A novel Bayesian model was employed, integrating phylogenetic regression with number psychophysics and random effects.
  • Data from 49 studies, encompassing 672 subjects across 33 bird and mammal species, were analyzed.
  • The Weber fraction, a measure of quantity representation precision, was calculated for each species.

Main Results:

  • Phylogeny significantly influenced quantity discrimination performance across taxa.
  • Cortical neuron density and domain-general cognitive abilities were identified as the strongest predictors of the Weber fraction, even after controlling for phylogenetic effects.
  • The study demonstrated a relationship between species-specific neuron density and a specific cognitive ability.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionary constraints play a role in shaping cognitive abilities like quantity representation.
  • Cortical neuron density is a key biological factor associated with the precision of approximate number systems.
  • This research offers a novel perspective on the interplay between neurobiology, cognition, and evolution.