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Related Concept Videos

Buffer Effectiveness02:19

Buffer Effectiveness

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Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...
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Reducing Line Loss01:18

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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
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Maximum Power Transfer01:16

Maximum Power Transfer

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Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
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Signal Flow Graphs01:18

Signal Flow Graphs

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Signal-flow graphs offer a streamlined and intuitive approach to representing control systems, providing an alternative to traditional block diagrams. These graphs use branches to symbolize systems and nodes to represent signals, effectively illustrating the relationships and interactions within the system.
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Buffers: Buffer Capacity01:09

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Buffer capacity is the quantitative measure of a buffer to resist the change in pH. As shown in the following equation, the buffer capacity, denoted by 'beta', is expressed as the number of moles of acid or base needed to change the pH of a one-liter buffer solution by 1 unit. Here, Ca and Cb indicate the number of moles of acid and base, respectively. Note that dpH represents the change in pH.
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Transmission Line Design Considerations

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Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
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Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization
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An Improved Backoff Scheme and Its Performance Analysis for Full Duplex MAC Protocols in VLC Networks.

Yuta Sawa1, Kosuke Sanada1, Hiroyuki Hatano1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi 514-8507, Japan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an improved backoff scheme for Visible Light Communication (VLC) networks to reduce data packet loss. The enhanced scheme adjusts backoff parameters upon transmission failure, mitigating issues in full-duplex VLC systems.

Keywords:
IEEE 802.15.7MAC protocolMarkov-chain modelfull duplextheoretical analysisvisible light communication

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Wireless Communication

Background:

  • IEEE 802.15.7 Visible Light Communication (VLC) networks face performance issues due to hidden device collisions from narrow beamwidth transmissions.
  • Full-duplex transmission is a potential solution but can lead to frequent data-packet discards because of retransmission limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and analyze an improved backoff scheme to mitigate data-packet discards in full-duplex VLC networks.
  • To enhance the reliability and performance of IEEE 802.15.7 VLC systems.

Main Methods:

  • A novel backoff scheme is proposed that dynamically increases the Backoff Exponent (BE) and Number of Backoff stages (NB) upon data packet transmission failure.
  • A Markov-chain model is developed for theoretical performance evaluation of the channel access with the proposed scheme.

Main Results:

  • The proposed backoff scheme effectively suppresses data-packet discards in VLC networks.
  • Performance evaluations via simulation and theoretical analysis confirm the scheme's effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • The improved backoff scheme offers a viable solution to enhance the performance of full-duplex VLC networks by reducing packet loss.
  • This work contributes to more robust and efficient visible light communication systems.