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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

660
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
660
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

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γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
777
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

579
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
579
Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

651
Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
651
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

350
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
350
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

335
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
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Update on benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis.

Yeong Seok Lee1, Ga Hee Lee1, Young Se Kwon1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.

Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
|December 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) are common in children, often caused by rotavirus or norovirus. These seizures are typically brief, generalized, and resolve without long-term issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) are characterized by afebrile seizures linked to viral gastroenteritis in children.
  • Rotavirus and norovirus are the primary identified pathogens associated with CwG.
  • CwG is prevalent globally, with increasing rates of norovirus-associated cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key features, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of CwG.
  • To highlight diagnostic findings and prognosis associated with CwG.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CwG.
  • Analysis of clinical characteristics, causative agents, and diagnostic findings.

Main Results:

  • CwG seizures are typically clustered, generalized, and short-lived (<5 minutes).
  • Routine laboratory tests, EEG, and imaging are usually normal, though transient abnormalities may occur.
  • The exact pathophysiology remains unclear, but CNS involvement by pathogens is suspected.

Conclusions:

  • CwG is a benign condition with a good prognosis, usually not requiring long-term antiepileptic treatment.
  • Understanding CwG is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and management in pediatric neurology and infectious disease.