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Xanthium strumarium L. Exhibits Potent Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Effects by Modulating MAPK and PI3K/AKT

Abdul Wahab Akram1, Ga Hee Lee2, Su-Min Baek1

  • 1Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.

Biomedicines
|December 30, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Xanthium strumarium extract shows potent antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects by inhibiting platelet aggregation and thrombosis. This natural compound improves blood flow and survival, offering a promising avenue for cardiovascular disease treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Natural Product Chemistry

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death globally, largely due to platelet hyperactivation and thrombosis.
  • Current antiplatelet therapies face limitations, necessitating the search for safer and more effective alternatives.
  • Xanthium strumarium (X. strumarium) possesses known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but its antiplatelet and antithrombotic potential was unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively evaluate the antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of X. strumarium.
  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of X. strumarium's action on platelet function.
  • To assess the efficacy of X. strumarium in preventing thrombosis in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • GC-MS analysis to identify bioactive compounds in X. strumarium extract.
  • In vitro assays including light transmission aggregometry, SEM, ATP/calcium mobilization, αIIbβ3 binding, clot retraction, and Western blotting.
  • In vivo ferric chloride-induced murine thrombus model to assess antithrombotic activity.

Main Results:

  • X. strumarium significantly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by various agonists (collagen, ADP, U46619, thrombin).
  • The extract preserved platelet morphology, inhibited granule secretion, and modulated key signaling pathways (MAPK, PI3K/Akt, αIIbβ3).
  • In vivo studies showed improved blood flow, increased survival rates, and prevention of arterial occlusion.

Conclusions:

  • X. strumarium exhibits significant antiplatelet and antithrombotic properties.
  • The plant extract effectively inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation through multiple mechanisms.
  • X. strumarium represents a promising natural therapeutic agent for managing cardiovascular diseases associated with thrombosis.

Keywords:
Xanthium strumarium L.anti-thrombotic effectsantiplatelet effectscardiovascular diseasesplatelet hyperactivity

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