Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 8, 2025
07:54
Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
20.0K
Obstructive sleep apnoea in pycnodysostosis: A three-dimensional upper airway analysis
Nikolaos Ferlias1, Hans Gjørup2, Mia Aagaard Doherty3
1Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research
|December 28, 2021
Summary
Patients with pycnodysostosis exhibit a smaller total airway and nasopharyngeal volume. These upper airway (UA) morphological changes may contribute to the high incidence of obstructive sleep apnea in this population.
Area of Science:
- Medical Imaging
- Radiology
- Genetics
Background:
- Pycnodysostosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by increased bone density and fragility.
- Patients with pycnodysostosis often present with craniofacial abnormalities, which may affect the upper airway (UA).
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantitatively assess upper airway (UA) morphology in pycnodysostosis patients using 3D analysis.
- To compare UA morphology in pycnodysostosis patients with normative data.
- To investigate correlations between total airway volume (TV) and other UA morphology variables.
Main Methods:
- Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of eight pycnodysostosis patients were analyzed.
- 3D analysis was performed using Mimics software.
- Results were compared to a sex- and age-matched control group.
Main Results:
- Patients with pycnodysostosis showed a significantly shorter distance from the epiglottis tip to the Frankfurt horizontal plane.
- Reduced cross-sectional measurements were observed at the maximum constriction, upper airway limit, and lower airway limit.
- Significantly smaller nasopharyngeal and total airway volumes (TV) were found in the pycnodysostosis group.
Conclusions:
- Pycnodysostosis is associated with reduced total airway and nasopharyngeal volumes.
- Constricted upper airway dimensions, including maximum constriction area, may predispose patients to obstructive sleep apnea.
- Total airway volume positively correlates with airway length and cross-sectional dimensions.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Sleep Apnea
239
Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
The condition is more prevalent among...
239
01:22Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management
173
Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned...
173
01:20Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology
3.3K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Inflammation
3.3K
01:24Sleep-Wake Cycles
1.8K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
1.8K
01:25Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway
446
In preparing for oropharyngeal airway suctioning, a nurse must gather all necessary equipment, including a suction unit with tubing, a prepackaged suction kit, sterile gloves, water or saline for irrigation, a water-soluble lubricant, and additional personal protective equipment (such as a gown, mask, and goggles) to control infections.
After assembling the equipment, the nurse should practice hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE according to infection control guidelines to avoid the...
After assembling the equipment, the nurse should practice hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE according to infection control guidelines to avoid the...
446
01:27Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies
2.6K
Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
Medical History
2.6K