Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

19.1K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
19.1K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

858
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
858
Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility02:34

Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility

46.8K
Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
46.8K
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

679
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
679
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

1.1K
In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
1.1K
Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria01:01

Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria

3.1K
Distillation is a separation technique that takes advantage of the boiling point properties of disparate elements in a mixture. To perform distillation, we begin by heating a miscible mixture of two liquids with a significant difference in boiling points (at least 20°C). As the solution heats up and reaches the bubble point of the more volatile component, some molecules of the more volatile component transition into the gas phase and travel upward into the condenser, which is a glass tube...
3.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reply to Lü: Aerophilic interfaces across scales.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Aerophilic debubbling.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Non-Laplacian air-gap electrostatics for high-field oil-water nanoemulsion separation.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Alternating Electrochemical Redox-Cycling on Nanocomposite Biointerface for High-Efficiency Enzyme-Free Cell Detachment.

ACS nano·2025
Same author

Bubble-driven cell detachment.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Enhancing spray retention using cloaked droplets to reduce pesticide pollution.

Soft matter·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Double Emulsion Generation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane PDMS Co-axial Flow Focus Device
08:58

Double Emulsion Generation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane PDMS Co-axial Flow Focus Device

Published on: December 25, 2015

16.2K

Phase Change Dispersion Made by Condensation-Emulsification.

Ludger J Fischer1, Somayajulu Dhulipala2, Kripa K Varanasi2

  • 1Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Horw 6048, Switzerland.

ACS Omega
|December 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

New phase change dispersions (PCDs) offer superior heat transfer for sub-zero cooling. Utilizing n-decane as a phase change material (PCM), these dispersions achieve over three times the specific heat capacity of water.

More Related Videos

Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices
11:08

Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices

Published on: July 3, 2018

7.9K
Synthesis of Phase-shift Nanoemulsions with Narrow Size Distributions for Acoustic Droplet Vaporization and Bubble-enhanced Ultrasound-mediated Ablation
08:28

Synthesis of Phase-shift Nanoemulsions with Narrow Size Distributions for Acoustic Droplet Vaporization and Bubble-enhanced Ultrasound-mediated Ablation

Published on: September 13, 2012

11.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Double Emulsion Generation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane PDMS Co-axial Flow Focus Device
08:58

Double Emulsion Generation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane PDMS Co-axial Flow Focus Device

Published on: December 25, 2015

16.2K
Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices
11:08

Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices

Published on: July 3, 2018

7.9K
Synthesis of Phase-shift Nanoemulsions with Narrow Size Distributions for Acoustic Droplet Vaporization and Bubble-enhanced Ultrasound-mediated Ablation
08:28

Synthesis of Phase-shift Nanoemulsions with Narrow Size Distributions for Acoustic Droplet Vaporization and Bubble-enhanced Ultrasound-mediated Ablation

Published on: September 13, 2012

11.3K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Effective heat transfer fluids are crucial for cooling processes, especially below 0 °C.
  • Water requires dilution with organic liquids for sub-zero applications, reducing its specific heat capacity.
  • Traditional phase change materials (PCMs) for cooling are limited to temperatures above 4 °C and often require high-shear manufacturing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize novel phase change dispersions (PCDs) for efficient heat transfer at sub-zero temperatures (-30 °C).
  • To apply a new emulsion production method for creating PCDs with enhanced properties.
  • To evaluate the potential applications of these new PCDs in areas like food conservation and battery cooling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a direct condensation method for producing PCDs, dispersing n-decane (PCM) in a continuous phase.
  • Characterized the thermophysical properties, including apparent specific heat capacity and melting point (-30 °C).
  • Assessed rheological properties and demonstrated the PCD's performance in a cooling application at -30 °C.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an apparent specific heat capacity exceeding 15 kJ/kg·K, more than triple that of water.
  • Successfully produced PCDs using a low-shear, direct condensation method.
  • Demonstrated the practical applicability of the developed PCD for cooling at -30 °C.

Conclusions:

  • The developed phase change dispersions offer a significant advancement in heat transfer fluid technology for sub-zero applications.
  • The direct condensation method provides an efficient route to producing high-performance PCDs.
  • These novel PCDs show promise for energy-efficient cooling in food preservation and thermal management of lithium-ion batteries.