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BRAIN AND EYE AS POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR IONIZING RADIATION IMPACT: PART II - RADIATION CEREBRO/OPHTALMIC EFFECTS IN

K M Loganovsky1, P A Fedirko1, D Marazziti2

  • 1State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine.

Problemy Radiatsiinoi Medytsyny Ta Radiobiolohii
|December 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Ionizing radiation (IR) impacts the brain and eyes, causing disorders. This review highlights cerebro-ophthalmic effects in various exposed groups, emphasizing the need for further research into radiation risks.

Keywords:
braincerebro-ophthalmic effectseyeinterventional radiologyionizing radiationprenatal irradiationradiation emergenciesspace flights

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiation Biology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Ionizing radiation (IR) poses risks to the brain and visual system, even at low doses.
  • These effects can manifest as cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and visual disorders.
  • The concept of cerebro-ophthalmic relationships, or the "eye-brain axis," is proposed as a framework for understanding IR's influence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a narrative review of current data on radiation-induced cerebro-ophthalmic effects.
  • To examine effects in diverse populations including children, individuals exposed in utero, astronauts, and interventional radiologists.
  • To synthesize experimental, epidemiological, and clinical findings.

Main Methods:

  • A PRISMA-guided literature search was conducted across major scientific databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, Google Scholar).
  • The search covered peer-reviewed publications from 1998 to 2021.
  • Manual searching of relevant publications was also performed.

Main Results:

  • Epidemiological data on low-dose IR effects on neurodevelopment are inconsistent.
  • Clinical, neuropsychological, and neurophysiological data consistently show cognitive and cerebral disorders, particularly in the dominant left brain hemisphere.
  • Prenatally exposed individuals and children show higher incidences of cataracts and retinal angiopathy. Astronauts face cognitive, behavioral, and cataract risks from space radiation. Interventional radiologists are a high-risk group for cognitive deficits, cataracts, and accelerated aging.

Conclusions:

  • Current research indicates significant radiosensitivity of the brain and eyes across various irradiated populations.
  • Further investigation is crucial to elucidate the specific nature of cerebro-ophthalmic disorders in different exposure scenarios.
  • Understanding molecular mechanisms, establishing reliable dosimetry, and accounting for non-radiation risk factors are essential for future research.