Prognosis Evaluation for Patients with Abdominal Trauma Using Usual Biological Parameters

Area of Science:

• Trauma Surgery
• Biochemistry
• Medical Informatics

Background:

• Abdominal injuries contribute significantly to post-traumatic mortality, with a high percentage of deaths occurring within the first hour.
• Existing prediction scores for abdominal trauma patients incorporate anatomical lesions, clinical signs, and imaging, but there's a need for simpler predictive tools.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a scoring system for predicting mortality in patients with abdominal trauma.
• To utilize readily available biological parameters for this predictive scoring system.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective, multicenter study involving 157 patients with abdominal trauma hospitalized between 2015 and 2021.
• Analysis of biochemical parameters including hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocyte and platelet counts, coagulogram, glycemia, urea, creatinine, AST, and ALT.
• Statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel and MedCalc, with ROC curve analysis to establish cut-off values and assess predictive power.

Main Results:

• Key biochemical parameters (age, ALT, AST, urea, hemoglobin, platelet count, glycemia) showed a significant correlation with mortality (p < 0.01).
• A novel predictive score was developed, demonstrating a strong correlation with established trauma scores (ISS and NISS).
• The developed score exhibited a high predictive power for mortality, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.930 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

• Biochemical parameters can be effectively utilized to create a scoring system with significant predictive value for abdominal trauma patient outcomes.
• The developed scoring system offers a promising tool for early risk stratification and management of patients with abdominal trauma.