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Behçet's Disease and Pregnancy: A Retrospective Case-control Study.
Tânia Barros1, António Braga1, António Marinho2
1Maternal Fetal Unit, Centro Materno Infantil Do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
|December 31, 2021
Summary
Pregnancy in women with Behçet's disease (BD) can lead to increased miscarriage and fetal growth restriction. However, most pregnant individuals with BD do not experience disease exacerbation during pregnancy.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Obstetrics
- Genetics
Background:
- Behçet's disease (BD) is a rare, chronic, multisystemic vasculitis of unknown cause.
- Diagnosis typically occurs between the second and fourth decades of life, making pregnancy-related complications a relevant concern.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize pregnancy evolution in women with Behçet's disease.
- To assess the impact of BD on embryo-fetal morbidity.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective case-control study involving 49 pregnancies in women with BD.
- Comparison with a control group of healthy pregnant women (2 controls per case).
- Statistical analysis using SPSS 25.0, with p<0.05 considered significant.
Main Results:
- BD exacerbation occurred in 32.6% of pregnancies; 32.5% required no treatment.
- Significantly higher rates of miscarriage (24.5%) and fetal growth restriction (FGR, 13.3%) in the BD group.
- Higher cesarean delivery rate (43.2%) in the BD group, with no significant differences in preterm delivery, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, gestational age, or birth weight.
Conclusions:
- Most pregnant women with BD do not experience clinical exacerbation of their condition.
- Behçet's disease is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, notably increased miscarriage and FGR rates.
- While maternal and neonatal complications were not significantly increased, careful monitoring during pregnancy is warranted.
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