Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Cartesian MPnRAGE for Efficient Simultaneous Multi-Contrast and Quantitative Relaxometry Imaging.

Magnetic resonance in medicine·2026

Same author

Intracranial vasomotor and blood flow responses to light-intensity aerobic exercise in young adults: a 4D flow MRI study.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)·2026

Same author

BRIDGING COTYLEDON PATHOLOGY AND PERFUSION IN HEALTHY PRIMATE PREGNANCY.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Longitudinal <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>129</sup>Xe Lung MRI in Patients With Post-COVID Residual Lung Abnormalities.

Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI·2026

Same author

Comparison of Retrospective Motion Compensation Techniques for Pulmonary Dynamic Ultrashort Time to Echo MRI in Suspected Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI·2026

Same author

Effects and Correction of Patient Bulk Motion in Cranial DENSE MRI.

Magnetic resonance in medicine·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Development and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Cardiovascular Phantoms for Interventional Planning and Training

Development and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Cardiovascular Phantoms for Interventional Planning and Training

Published on: January 18, 2021

Virtual injections using 4D flow MRI with displacement corrections and constrained probabilistic streamlines.

Grant S Roberts¹, Michael W Loecher², Alma Spahic¹

¹Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

|December 31, 2021

Summary

Improved 4D-flow MRI streamlines enhance intracranial blood flow tracking. New methods reduce errors, enabling better visualization of blood flow in healthy individuals and patients with cerebrovascular malformations.

Keywords:

4D flow MRI angiography blood flow tracking displacement correction intracranial probabilistic streamlines

More Related Videos

Meso-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry Studies of Neurovascular Flows In Vitro

Meso-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry Studies of Neurovascular Flows In Vitro

Published on: December 3, 2018

In vitro Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation Using Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging

In vitro Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation Using Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: February 25, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Development and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Cardiovascular Phantoms for Interventional Planning and Training

Development and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Cardiovascular Phantoms for Interventional Planning and Training

Published on: January 18, 2021

Meso-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry Studies of Neurovascular Flows In Vitro

Meso-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry Studies of Neurovascular Flows In Vitro

Published on: December 3, 2018

In vitro Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation Using Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging

In vitro Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation Using Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: February 25, 2022

Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Biomedical Engineering
Fluid Dynamics

Background:

4D-flow MRI streamlines are used for intracranial blood flow tracking.
Deterministic and stochastic errors degrade streamline quality, limiting clinical utility.

Purpose of the Study:

To improve selective blood flow tracking using 4D-flow MRI.
To integrate displacement corrections, probabilistic streamlines, and fluid constraints.
To emulate virtual bolus injections for enhanced flow analysis.

Main Methods:

In silico testing of single-step and iterative displacement correction methods.
Evaluation of combined displacement corrections and constrained probabilistic streamlines in 10 healthy volunteers.
Comparison of streamline length and depth with and without corrections using statistical analysis.
Generation of virtual injections for intracranial pathology cases.

Main Results:

Iterative displacement correction showed superior performance in silico.
Combined methods significantly improved streamline length and entry into the circle of Willis.
Virtual injections qualitatively matched dynamic arterial spin labeling, enabling selective flow tracking.

Conclusions:

Improved streamlines from 4D-flow MRI offer flexible and robust intracranial flow tracking.
The developed methods enhance the clinical application of 4D-flow MRI for cerebrovascular assessment.