Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

32.0K
In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
32.0K
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

4.0K
DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
4.0K
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:37

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

9.5K
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
9.5K
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

55.2K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
55.2K
Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

23.4K
One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
23.4K
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

10.2K
Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
10.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Design Strategy for the EPR Tumor-Targeting of 1,2-Bis(sulfonyl)-1-alkylhydrazines.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2021
Same author

pH-dependent general base catalyzed activation rather than isocyanate liberation may explain the superior anticancer efficacy of laromustine compared to related 1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)hydrazine prodrugs.

Chemical biology & drug design·2017
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
07:55

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

10.4K

Is DNA repair controlled by a biological logic circuit?

Philip G Penketh1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. philip.penketh@gmail.com.

Theory in Biosciences = Theorie in Den Biowissenschaften
|January 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Biological logic circuits may regulate DNA repair. The p53 protein

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Biological systems utilize complex regulatory mechanisms.
  • DNA repair pathways are crucial for maintaining genomic stability.
  • The precise orchestration of cellular processes is essential for survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential role of biological logic circuits in DNA repair regulation.
  • To hypothesize how these circuits integrate and control DNA repair mechanisms.
  • To suggest that similar logic-based control may exist in other cellular processes.

Main Methods:

  • Hypothetical modeling of biological logic circuits.
  • Analysis of existing experimental data on DNA repair.
  • Identification of key components for biological logic control, including a 'clock' mechanism.
Keywords:
Biological clockDNA repairDigital controlLogic controlMethylationOscillatorPhosphorylation

More Related Videos

Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter
06:59

Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter

Published on: March 31, 2022

2.5K
Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy
08:31

Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
07:55

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

10.4K
Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter
06:59

Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter

Published on: March 31, 2022

2.5K
Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy
08:31

Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.3K

Main Results:

  • Biological logic circuits offer a framework for understanding DNA repair regulation.
  • The p53 protein's expression pulses may function as a biological clock.
  • Mechanisms like reversible protein inactivation (e.g., MGMT phosphorylation) are necessary for process control.

Conclusions:

  • Biological logic circuits are a plausible mechanism for regulating DNA repair.
  • The evolution of such control systems likely occurred early in life's history.
  • This regulatory paradigm may extend to various other areas of cell biology.