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Antimalarial Natural Products.

David G I Kingston1, Maria Belen Cassera2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA. dkingston@vt.edu.

Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products
|January 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Natural products like quinine and artemisinin have saved millions from malaria. New drug discovery is vital as Plasmodium falciparum develops resistance to current treatments.

Keywords:
AlkaloidsArtemisininMalariaMechanism of actionNatural productsPlasmodium falciparumQuinineTerpenoids

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Tropical Medicine
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Malaria remains a significant global health threat, particularly Plasmodium falciparum.
  • Drug resistance to quinine and artemisinin necessitates urgent development of new antimalarial therapies.
  • Natural products have historically provided essential antimalarial compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history and discovery of quinine and artemisinin as antimalarial drugs.
  • To explore the biosynthesis, mechanisms of action, and clinical use of these natural products.
  • To identify novel natural products with antiplasmodial activity for future drug development.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of malaria treatments.
  • Summary of Plasmodium falciparum biology and resistance mechanisms.
  • Analysis of biosynthesis, pharmacology, and clinical data for natural antimalarials.
  • Classification and evaluation of natural products for antiplasmodial potential.

Main Results:

  • Quinine and artemisinin derivatives have been pivotal in malaria treatment.
  • Emerging resistance to artemisinin necessitates alternative therapeutic strategies.
  • Over ten natural products show promise for future clinical development.

Conclusions:

  • Natural products remain a critical source for discovering new antimalarial drugs.
  • Continued exploration of nature's chemical diversity is essential to combat drug-resistant malaria.
  • Further research into identified natural products could lead to next-generation antimalarial agents.