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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

19.5K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
19.5K
Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

1.2K
Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
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Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
48.6K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

28.2K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
28.2K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

27.6K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
27.6K
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

21.8K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
21.8K

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

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Metal-Induced Crystallization in Metal Oxides.

Laurent Lermusiaux1, Antoine Mazel2, Adrian Carretero-Genevrier3

  • 1Univ. Lyon, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR 5182, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69007 Lyon, France.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|January 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metal-induced crystallization (MIC) offers a low-temperature method to transform amorphous metal oxides into crystalline forms. This technique preserves material structures and compositions, enabling new applications in advanced materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Crystalline state significantly influences material properties, crucial for next-generation solid-state technologies.
  • Conventional crystallization of amorphous metal oxides requires high temperatures (e.g., >1300 °C for silica, >400 °C for titania), leading to energy costs and structural degradation.
  • Existing low-temperature fabrication methods are not always compatible with industrial constraints or specific material systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and explain metal-induced crystallization (MIC) as a low-temperature solid-state approach for metal oxide crystallization.
  • To highlight MIC's potential in preserving complex material architectures and compositions.
  • To review the mechanism and existing studies of MIC in various oxides like titania and silica.

Main Methods:

  • Post-synthetic incorporation of catalytic amounts of specific cations into amorphous metal oxide lattices.
  • Utilizing energy sources such as microwave or ultrasound baths for particle suspensions, or lasers/calcination for thin films.
  • Observing cation migration and temporary bond breaking within the metal oxide lattice to facilitate phase transformation.

Main Results:

  • MIC significantly reduces the energy required for amorphous to crystalline phase transformation in metal oxides.
  • The technique allows for control over crystalline phase purity and ratios by selecting appropriate catalytic cations.
  • Crystallization can be achieved in solid-state, particle suspensions, or thin film forms, preserving macro- and mesostructures.

Conclusions:

  • Metal-induced crystallization is a versatile and easily employable technique for low-temperature metal oxide processing.
  • MIC enables the fabrication of advanced materials with preserved structural integrity for diverse applications.
  • This method is expected to advance materials for photochromic, optoelectronic, catalytic, and biological applications.